Basic training for small breed dogs

basic training for small breed dogs

Introduction

Basic training for small breed dogs is an important step in helping your pet learn good manners and understand what you expect. While this guidance mainly applies to dogs, some cats and other small pets might also benefit from learning simple skills in certain cases.

Training is best seen as a way to communicate clearly with your pet, keep them safe, and build a positive, trusting relationship. It is not about punishment or causing fear. Using kind, reward-based methods can make learning enjoyable for both you and your pet.

Reviewed by the SASI Vet Behavior & Basic Training Editorial Board.

What to Expect

• Training may include teaching simple commands like “sit” or “come.”
• It helps prevent unsafe behaviours and strengthens your bond.
• Each pet learns at their own pace and may respond differently.

This article offers general guidance on basic training for small breed dogs but does not replace personalized advice from a qualified trainer or veterinarian. If you have concerns or face challenges, seeking professional support is always recommended to ensure your pet’s wellbeing and safety.

Foundations of positive basic training

Basic training for small breed dogs is most effective when based on kindness and clear communication. Using rewards such as treats, praise, or play can encourage your dog to repeat good behaviours. Timing is important-rewards should be given immediately after the desired action to help your dog understand what you expect.

Key principles to keep in mind

• Consistency: Use the same cues and reward criteria each time to avoid confusion.
• Small steps: Break tasks into manageable parts and gradually increase difficulty.
• Short sessions: Keep training brief and fun to maintain your dog’s interest and prevent frustration.

It is important to avoid physical punishment, intimidation, or any tools that cause pain or fear. Such methods can damage your relationship with your dog and may lead to unwanted behaviours. Instead, focus on building trust and a positive learning environment.

If you encounter challenges or behaviours that seem difficult to manage, consider consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional. They can provide tailored guidance that supports your dog’s welfare and your training goals.

Using rewards and motivation effectively

When practicing basic training for small breed dogs, using rewards thoughtfully can make learning enjoyable and successful. Rewards may include food treats, verbal praise, toys, playtime, or life rewards such as going outside for a walk. Each dog might respond differently, so it’s important to find what motivates your pet the most.

Types of rewards

• Food treats: Small, tasty bites that your dog finds appealing.
• Praise: Warm, enthusiastic verbal encouragement or gentle petting.
• Toys and play: Favorite toys or a quick game can be highly motivating.
• Life rewards: Access to something your dog enjoys, like going outside or sniffing around.

Deliver rewards promptly after the desired behaviour to help your dog make the connection. Over time, you might slowly reduce the frequency of treats, replacing them with praise or life rewards, as your dog becomes more reliable. This approach helps guide your pet’s learning rather than simply “bribing” them.

Remember, patience and consistency are key. If you encounter challenges or need tailored guidance, consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional could be beneficial for your dog’s wellbeing and progress.

Teaching core basic cues step by step

When starting basic training for small breed dogs, it’s helpful to focus on a few core cues that build a foundation for good communication. These include name recognition, “sit,” “down,” “come when called,” “wait” or “stay,” and “leave it.” Using positive reinforcement, such as treats or praise, encourages your dog to repeat desired behaviours.

Setting up for success

Begin training sessions in a quiet, low-distraction environment to help your dog focus. Keep sessions short and frequent to maintain your dog’s interest and avoid frustration. Always reward your dog immediately when they perform the desired behaviour, which helps them understand what you want.

Step-by-step approach

• Name recognition: Say your dog’s name clearly and reward them when they look at you.
• “Sit” and “down”: Use treats to guide your dog into position, then mark and reward the behaviour.
• “Come when called”: Call your dog’s name followed by the cue, rewarding them when they approach.
• “Wait” or “stay”: Start with very short durations and gradually increase the time before giving a reward.
• “Leave it”: Present a treat in your closed hand and reward your dog for not trying to take it.

Remember, patience and consistency are key. If you encounter challenges or your dog shows signs of stress, consider consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional for tailored guidance.

House training and daily routines

Establishing consistent daily routines can greatly support basic training for small breed dogs. Feeding your dog on a regular schedule helps regulate their digestion and can make toilet breaks more predictable. Offering frequent, scheduled opportunities to go outside encourages success and reduces accidents indoors.

Supervision and safe spaces

Supervising your dog indoors is important, especially during house training. Using a crate or a designated safe area can provide a comfortable space for your dog to rest and may help them learn to hold their bladder. These tools should always be introduced positively and never used for punishment.

Rewarding good toileting habits

When your dog eliminates in the appropriate place, offering immediate praise or a small treat can reinforce this behaviour. Patience is key, as puppies and young dogs might take time to fully grasp house training expectations. Realistic goals and gentle encouragement can make the process smoother for both you and your pet.

If you encounter challenges or need tailored guidance, consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional could be beneficial to ensure your dog’s welfare and training success.

Leash manners and everyday handling

Teaching basic training for small breed dogs often begins with polite leash manners. Rewarding your dog for walking on a loose leash can encourage calm, enjoyable walks. If your dog pulls, stopping and waiting calmly before moving again may help them learn that pulling does not get them where they want to go.

Practising calm behaviour around distractions is also important. Gradually exposing your dog to different environments while rewarding relaxed responses might improve their focus and reduce stress during walks.

Gentle handling for grooming and vet visits

Everyday handling, such as touching paws, ears, and grooming, should be introduced slowly and with positive associations. Using treats and gentle praise can help your dog feel safe and comfortable during these routines.

Regularly practicing gentle handling at home may make vet visits less stressful. Taking small steps and respecting your dog’s comfort level could build trust and cooperation over time.

Tips for success

• Use high-value treats to reward desired behaviours.
• Keep training sessions short and positive.
• Be patient and consistent, adapting to your dog’s pace.
• Seek guidance from a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional if challenges arise.

Preventing common behaviour problems early

Starting basic training for small breed dogs early can help reduce the chance of common behaviour issues such as jumping up, mouthing, excessive barking, or fearful reactions. Early training encourages your dog to learn calm and appropriate behaviours before unwanted habits become established.

Providing outlets for energy and mental stimulation

Small breed dogs often have plenty of energy and curiosity. Offering regular physical exercise and mental enrichment activities may help prevent boredom-related behaviours. Puzzle toys, gentle play sessions, and short training games can keep your dog engaged and satisfied.

Teaching calm behaviours

Encouraging calmness through simple cues and rewarding relaxed behaviour can be beneficial. For example, teaching your dog to settle on a mat or respond to a “quiet” cue might reduce excitement and barking over time.

Seeking early professional support

If you feel overwhelmed or notice behaviours that are difficult to manage, consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional early on could be helpful. They can provide tailored advice and support to ensure your dog’s wellbeing and your peace of mind.

When to seek professional training or veterinary help

While basic training for small breed dogs can often be managed at home with patience and positive reinforcement, some behaviours may require professional support. Issues such as aggression, severe fear, or sudden changes in behaviour might indicate underlying problems that need careful assessment.

In these cases, it is important to seek help from qualified trainers or veterinary behaviour professionals who use kind, evidence-based methods. These experts can provide tailored guidance that prioritizes your dog’s welfare and safety.

Signs that professional help may be needed

• Persistent or escalating aggression towards people or other animals
• Extreme fear or anxiety that interferes with daily life
• Sudden or unusual changes in behaviour or temperament
• Challenges that do not improve with basic training efforts

Avoid trainers or methods that rely on punishment, dominance, or intimidation, as these can cause distress and worsen behaviour. Instead, look for professionals who emphasize reward-based techniques and a compassionate approach.

If you are unsure about your dog’s behaviour or training needs, consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviourist can provide the safest and most effective support for you and your small breed dog.

FAQs

How long should basic training sessions be?

Short, frequent sessions tend to work best, especially for small breed dogs. Aim for 5 to 10 minutes per session, several times a day. This helps keep your dog engaged without causing frustration or fatigue.

When is the best time to start training?

Training can begin as soon as you bring your small breed dog home, often around 8 weeks old. Early socialization and gentle introduction to basic commands can set a positive foundation for future learning.

What should I do if my dog ‘does not listen’?

Patience and consistency are key. Your dog might be distracted, tired, or unsure what you want. Try to keep training sessions positive and reward small successes. If challenges persist, consulting a qualified trainer could provide helpful guidance.

Are group classes helpful for basic training?

Group classes can be beneficial by offering socialization opportunities and structured learning. However, some small breed dogs may feel overwhelmed. Consider your dog’s personality and comfort level, and seek classes that use kind, reward-based methods.

What is important to remember about basic training for small breed dogs?

Every dog learns at their own pace. Using gentle, reward-based techniques and maintaining consistency can encourage good behaviour and strengthen your bond. If you have concerns, a professional trainer or veterinary behaviourist might offer tailored support.

Summary

Basic training for small breed dogs is an ongoing journey that relies on clear communication, empathy, and positive rewards. Progress may come in small steps, and patience is key to helping your dog learn and feel confident.

Remember that every dog is unique, so what works well for one might need adjustment for another. Consistency and kindness often lead to the best results, creating a trusting bond between you and your pet.

Key points to keep in mind:

• Use gentle, reward-based methods to encourage good behaviour.
• Be patient and celebrate small successes along the way.
• Observe your dog’s responses and adjust your approach as needed.
• Seeking professional guidance is a positive step if challenges arise.

If you find certain behaviours difficult to manage, consulting a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviour professional could provide tailored support. Asking for help is a sign of care and commitment to your dog’s wellbeing, not failure.

• International Veterinary Behaviour Association
• Association of Professional Dog Trainers
• American Veterinary Medical Association
• Royal Veterinary College Behaviour Clinic
• Clicker Training and Positive Reinforcement Organizations

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about basic training and does not replace professional advice. If you are concerned about your pet’s behaviour, consult a qualified trainer or veterinarian.